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Red Make America Great Again Hat

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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Cracking Once again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Bang-up Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Make America Smashing Over again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Beak Clinton likewise used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential entrada and used information technology again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'south unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's use of the phrase "probably the almost resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in decline.[2] [3]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, existence used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the The states, regarding information technology as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [half-dozen] [7] The slogan was too at the heart of two events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assault hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [ix] [x] [xi]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th United States Congress in apprehension of the 1940 United States presidential election: "What is the way? Hither is America. At that place are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital, and management; who tin can requite the man of enterprise encouragement, who can requite them the spirit which will afford vision. That will make America smashing again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was constitute in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater'south unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Allow'south make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential entrada. At the fourth dimension the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress every bit a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[xiv] [xv] [sixteen] [17] Inside his credence speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they alive. For those who've abased promise, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a swell national crusade to make America great again."[18] [19]

Beak Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] past Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump'due south version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "requite you an economy yous had l years agone, and... move you support on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'southward volume about her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a Us Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin'due south Printing on Baronial 16, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Exercise What It Takes to Make America Groovy Once again.[24]

Utilise past Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Nifty Once more" cap during his 2016 presidential entrada

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open up considering, above all else, we must brand America great again."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a book using equally a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Once more" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Nifty Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Nifty Again" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January one, 2012, a grouping of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of Country's office to create the "Make America Smashing Once again Party", which would have allowed Trump to exist that political party's nominee if he had decided to go a tertiary-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the mean solar day after Barack Obama won his reelection confronting Mitt Romney. By his own account, Trump offset considered "We Volition Make America Great", but did not feel like it had the right "band" to it. "Make America Swell" was his next slogan idea, but upon further reflection, he felt that information technology was a slight to America because it unsaid that America was never great. Afterwards selecting "Brand America Bully Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register information technology. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's apply in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an awarding with the United states of america Patent and Trademark Office requesting sectional rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered equally a service mark on July 14, 2015, afterwards Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early on as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Imprint displaying "Vote To Brand America Dandy Again" on a roadside in California shortly after the Nov 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Continue America Great" hat in December 2019

During the 2016 entrada, Trump frequently used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white messages, which shortly became popular amidst his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the campaign that at 1 point information technology spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television receiver commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that apocryphal versions outnumbered the real chapeau ten to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every fourth dimension somebody buys ane, that's an ad."[28]

Post-obit Trump's ballot, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] However, Trump's 2020 entrada continued to use the "Make America Slap-up Once again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America corking once again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention voice communication, garnering ridicule.[36] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[37]

Less than a week afterward Trump left function, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a tertiary party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Not bad Once again Party". In his outset few days out of office, he also supported Arizona country party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who as well called for the creation of a "MAGA Political party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to captive him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the Business firm.[38] [39]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – information technology's Modern Solar day PRESIDENTIAL. Brand America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[40]

In the first one-half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[41] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a postal service's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the average Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[41]

Trump attributed his victory (in role) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[42] Co-ordinate to RiteTag,[43] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: ane,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with xiv% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[43]

Donald Trump set upwards his Twitter business relationship in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the announcement (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with specially notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and later on winning the presidency.[44]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, information technology is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vox of America journalist, among others,[v] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because information technology "doesn't just appeal to people who hear it every bit racist coded linguistic communication, simply as well to those who take felt a loss of status as other groups have become more than empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates equally America Kickoff did in the early on 1940s, with the idea "that the truthful version of America is the America that looks similar me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[45]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Not bad Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Just if you lot wear i, information technology's a pretty good indication that yous share, adore or capeesh President Trump'due south racist views well-nigh Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[vi] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are bear witness of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[46] [47] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists by and large, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[48] Polling has shown that about ten pct of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[49] [ non-main source needed ] while about thirty pct of Hispanic voters identified every bit Trump supporters.[l] [ improve source needed ]

Use past others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and But Liberals – Tin can Win the State of war on Terror and Brand America Bang-up Again [51] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special ballot titled Troublemaker: Permit's Do What Information technology Takes To Make America Great Again.[52]

After Donald Trump popularized the utilise of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Bully Over again" in speeches, inciting Trump to ship cease-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Over again", in response to Trump'south boycotting the Iowa Jan 28, 2016 debate.[53] The phrase has likewise been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's clearing policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico border.[54] [55]

Use by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[56] [57] One-time US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, request: "Exactly when did you think America was great?"[58] [59] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his girl Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to exist fabricated great again considering America was always great."[threescore] Trump subsequently tweeted "Brand AMERICA Smashing Over again!" after that day.[61]

Use past detest groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[62]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The last sentence of the voice communication delivered by him was "make our planet great again."[63]

During his entrada for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in Oct 2018, erstwhile opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[64]

During the Swedish European Parliament ballot in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make Eu Lagom Once again".[65] [66]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Brand Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have often used slogans similar "Brand Earth Greta Once again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[67] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary flick named Brand the World Greta Again.[68]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Brand America Bully Once again" catchphrase as it appears on a MAGA chapeau

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult amusement [edit]

  • Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Brand America Horny Again" strip club tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[69]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing entrada used the slogan "Make America Douse Again".[70]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Bang-up Again was a street art landscape by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[71] [72]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross'due south 2016 stand up-up tour was titled "Making America Slap-up Again".[73]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an association with Adult Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed equally the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Again" hats.[74] [75] [76]

Way [edit]

  • Mode Designer Andre Soriano used the "Brand America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to blueprint a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Red Carpeting e.k. 2017 Grammy Awards.[77]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[78]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Great Again" fez hat in one scene.[79]
  • The Syfy movie Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Brand America Bait Over again".[80]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Yr (2016) is "Keep America Swell" (a phrase Trump would subsequently use every bit his 2020 entrada slogan); one of the Television spots for the pic featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does so "to proceed my country [America] cracking".[81] The next film in the franchise, The Showtime Purge, was subsequently advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[82]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA lid throughout the motion-picture show.[83]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Brand Athens Peachy Over again" during his campaign confronting Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "brand Outworld great once again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Brand America Nazi-Gratis Again" in its marketing campaign.[84]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Groovy Once more" during his speech while contesting Raiden.[85]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[86]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called 1000.A.T.A, meaning Make America Trap Again.[87]
  • Make America Rock Over again was a rock concert tour.[88]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Auto, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • Uk musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 chosen 'Brand ANGER Great Again'[89]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Again".[90]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Make America Bang-up Again" on his album Be More than Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Swell Over again" a few months later on appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[91]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a chapeau saying Brand America Skate again in Gamble the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[92]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Smashing Again.[93]
  • Metallic ring Thy Fine art Is Murder released a song called "Make America Detest Again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a hat with the slogan "Brand Deathcore Great Once again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat proverb "Brand Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Writer Octavia East. Butler used "Make America Great Again" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[94] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled faith and regime together and cemented the link with coin from rich businessmen".[95]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[96] a satirical volume on dating and relationships.

Telly [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his prove Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment defended to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Once again", in reference to the original ancestral proper name of the Trump family.[97] [98] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 one thousand thousand views.[98]
  • In the Due south Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[99]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What'southward By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[100] [101] [102] [103]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

tookesackled.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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